On February 2, 2011, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) published final regulations, effective March 25, 2011, entitled, "Medicare, Medicaid, and Children's Health Insurance Programs: Additional Screening Requirements, Application Fees, Temporary Enrollment Moratoria, Payment Suspensions and Compliance Plans for Providers and Suppliers." Based on provisions of the Affordable Care Act, the intent of the regulations is to prohibit unqualified individuals and entities from obtaining or maintaining enrollment; however, legitimate providers and suppliers will need to understand the new requirements so that billing privileges are not affected by a failure to comply with the rules.  CMS has established three categories of providers and suppliers, i.e., "limited," "moderate," or "high" risk for Medicare enrollment screening activities.  There are tables included in the final rule for the list of each provider or supplier typed in each category.  Medicaid enrollment revalidation will be similar to existing Medicare rules.  Medicaid agencies will be required to conduct revalidations or reenrollments on an every five-year cycle.